The Asia-Pacific Commerce and Industry Confederation (APCIC) is pleased to present this guide to Greece, a country with a rich cultural heritage, strategic location, and a rapidly growing economy. This report provides insights into Greece’s economic landscape, key industries, trade policies, taxation framework, and strategic recommendations for APCIC members exploring opportunities in this dynamic Mediterranean market.
1.经济概况
Greece, with a GDP of approximately $270 billion in 2023, is a gateway between Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa. Following a period of economic reforms and recovery, Greece is now a vibrant and attractive destination for trade and investment.
主要经济指标：
- 国内生产总值增长: Estimated at 2.8% in 2023, driven by tourism, exports, and infrastructure investments.
- 人口: Approximately 10.3 million, with an urbanized and increasingly skilled workforce.
- 通货膨胀率: Stabilized at 4.2% in 2023, reflecting effective economic policies.
2.重点行业
Greece’s economy is anchored in traditional strengths while embracing modernization and innovation:
- 旅游与酒店业: A global leader in tourism, with iconic destinations like Athens, Santorini, and Crete attracting millions of visitors annually.
- Shipping and Maritime: Greece controls over 20% of the world’s merchant fleet, making it a key player in global shipping and logistics.
- 可再生能源: Investments in wind, solar, and offshore energy projects are central to Greece’s green transition.
- 农业和农业食品: Renowned for olive oil, wine, and seafood, Greece is a major exporter of premium and organic products.
- Construction and Infrastructure: Major projects in transport, energy, and urban renewal are driving growth.
- 技术与初创企业: Greece’s burgeoning tech scene, supported by government incentives, is attracting regional and global investors.
3.贸易政策
Greece’s trade policies are shaped by its European Union (EU) membership and Mediterranean trade partnerships:
- European Union Membership: Greece benefits from free trade within the EU’s single market and EU-negotiated agreements with global economies.
- Regional Trade Hub: Positioned at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa, Greece facilitates trade across continents.
- 海关和贸易便利化: Efficient customs procedures and alignment with EU standards support seamless trade operations.
4.税收框架
Greece’s tax system has been restructured to encourage foreign investment:
- 企业税: Reduced to 22%, with incentives for investments in renewable energy, R&D, and tourism.
- 增值税（VAT）: Standard rate of 24%, with reduced rates of 13% and 6% for essential goods and services.
- 个人所得税: Progressive rates range from 9% to 44%, depending on income levels.
- 投资激励措施: Tax credits and grants are available for priority sectors such as renewable energy, tourism, and infrastructure.
5.投资环境
Greece offers a stable and increasingly attractive environment for foreign investment:
- 战略位置: At the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa, Greece is a gateway for trade and logistics.
- 熟练劳动力: A well-educated and multilingual workforce supports industries like technology, shipping, and tourism.
- 基础设施: Modern ports, airports, and energy networks enable efficient business operations.
- Sustainability Goals: Greece is advancing in green energy projects and sustainable tourism, aligning with global trends.
- 创新生态系统: Government support for tech startups and innovation hubs fosters growth in emerging industries.
6.战略建议
For APCIC members considering investments or trade in Greece:
- Expand in Tourism and Hospitality: Invest in eco-tourism, luxury accommodations, and cultural tourism to capitalize on Greece’s global appeal.
- Leverage Shipping Expertise: Collaborate in maritime services, logistics, and port development to access global trade networks.
- Participate in Renewable Energy Projects: Explore wind, solar, and offshore energy initiatives aligned with Greece’s decarbonization goals.
- Invest in Agri-Food Exports: Partner with Greek producers to export premium olive oil, wine, and seafood to Asia-Pacific markets.
- Engage in Infrastructure Development: Contribute to transport, energy, and urban renewal projects supported by public-private partnerships.
- Tap into Technology Growth: Collaborate with Greek startups and tech hubs, particularly in fintech, AI, and cleantech.
结论
Greece’s strategic location, diverse economy, and emphasis on sustainability make it an ideal destination for trade and investment. APCIC members are encouraged to use this guide to navigate opportunities in Greece and establish a strong presence in one of the Mediterranean’s most dynamic and promising markets.
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